Eyes are an important part of our health and can be prone to various diseases due to various factors. One of these diseases is conjunctivitis. It is inflammation of the conjunctiva, a thin membrane covering the outer surface of the eyes. This disease, commonly known as “pink eye,” can be infectious or allergic. If left untreated, it can cause serious problems.
Types of Conjunctivitis
It is generally divided into three main types depending on the cause:
- Bacterial Conjunctivitis: It is an infection caused by bacteria and is contagious. It may cause redness, discharge and itching in the eyes.
- Viral Conjunctivitis: It is an infection caused by viruses and is very contagious. It can be seen together with other viral infections such as flu.
- Allergic Conjunctivitis: It occurs due to exposure to allergens such as pollen, dust or pet dander. Symptoms such as itching, redness and watering are observed.
Symptoms
Symptoms of conjunctivitis may vary depending on the type of infection. However, common symptoms may include:
- Redness in the Eyes: Significant redness is observed in the white part of the eyes.
- Eye Discharge: In bacterial or viral infections, a watery or sticky discharge may come from the eyes.
- Itching and Burning: There may be itching or burning sensation in the eyes.
- Watering in the Eyes: Increased watering or tearing in the eyes may be observed.
- Swelling in the Eyelids: There may be swelling or edema in the eyelids.
Causes of Conjunctivitis
Causes of this disease can be infections, allergens or irritants. Common causes include:
- Bacteria: Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause infection.
- Viruses: Viruses such as adenovirus, herpes simplex virus can cause viral conjunctivitis.
- Allergens: Exposure to allergens such as pollen, dust, mold, pet dander can cause allergic conjunctivitis.
- Chemical Irritants: Exposure to chemicals can cause irritative conjunctivitis, especially in case of eye contact.
The Disease Treatment
Treatment for conjunctivitis varies depending on the type of infection. Treatment options include:
- Eye Drops or Ointments: Antibacterial or antiviral eye drops or ointments can be used to treat the infection.
- Cold Compresses: Cold compresses can be applied to reduce swelling and discomfort in the eyes.
- Allergy Medication: Antihistamines or eye drops can be used to relieve symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis.
Prevention
The following measures can be taken to prevent this disease:
- Washing hands frequently and avoiding contact with eyes.
- Avoid sharing personal items, especially towels and make-up.
- Avoiding exposure to allergens or receiving allergy treatment.
- Wearing protective glasses when swimming in the pool.
Conjunctivitis is a common eye infection or allergic reaction and causes serious discomfort. It is important to alleviate symptoms and prevent the spread of infection through early diagnosis and treatment. If any symptoms are noticed or if there is eye redness, discharge or itching, an ophthalmologist should be consulted.